Courtly Love Readings

Andreas Capellanus (late 12th cent.)
De Amore (1184-86)
A Treatise on Courtly Love (Excerpts)

What is Love?
Love is an inborn suffering proceeding from the sight and immoderate thought upon the beauty of the other sex, for which cause above all other things one wishes to embrace the other and, by common assent, in this embrace to fulfill the commandments of love. . . .
From Whence Love is Named
"Love (amor)" is derived from the word "hook (amar)", which signifies "capture" or "be captured." For he who loves is caught in the chains of desire and wishes to catch another with his hook.
What is the Effect of Love
The true lover can not be corrupted by avarice; love makes an ugly and rude person shine with all beauty, knows how to endow with nobility even one of humble birth, can even lend humility to the proud; he who loves is accustomed humbly to serve others.
What Persons are Suited for Love
[The author goes on to specify the requirements of a lover -- girls must be at least 12, boys 14, though for true love men must be at least 18 years old and under 60 (after that age, though copulation is possible true passion is lacking); women must be under fifty. Age, blindness and excessive passion are all bars to true love.]
Blindness impedes love, for a blind man cannot see that on which his mind can reflect immoderately. Therefore love cannot arise in him, as is adequately proven above. But I recognize that this is true only of the moment in which love is acquired, for I do not deny that love can endure in a man who acquired love before he went blind.
Too great an abundance of passion impedes love, for there are those who are so enslaved by desire that they cannot be restrained by the bonds of love; those who after deep thoughts of their lady or even having enjoyed the fruits of love, when they see another immediately desire her embraces, forgetting the services received from their former lover and revealing their ingratitude.
The Rules of Love
1. Marriage is no excuse for not loving.2. He who is not jealous can not love.3. No one can be bound by two loves.4. Love is always growing or diminishing.5. It is not good for one lover to take anything against the will of the other.6. A male cannot love until he has fully reached puberty.7. Two years of mourning for a dead lover are prescribed for surviving lovers.8. No one should be deprived of love without a valid reason.9. No one can love who is not driven to do so by the power of love.10. Love always departs from the dwelling place of avarice.11. It is not proper to love one whom one would be ashamed to marry.12. The true lover never desires the embraces of any save his lover.13. Love rarely lasts when it is revealed.14. An easy attainment makes love contemptible; a difficult onemakes it more dear.15. Every lover turns pale in the presence of his beloved.16. When a lover suddenly has sight of his beloved, his heart beats wildly.17. A new love expells an old one.18. Moral integrity alone makes one worthy of love.19. If love diminishes, it quickly leaves and rarely revives.20. A lover is always fearful.21. True jealousy always increases the effects of love.22. If a lover suspects another, jealousy and the efects of love increase.23. He who is vexed by the thoughts of love eats little and seldom sleeps.24. Every action of a lover ends in the thought of his beloved.25. The true lover believes only that which he thinks will please his beloved.26. Love can deny nothing to love.27. A lover can never have enough of the embraces of his beloved.28. The slightest suspicion incites the lover to suspect the worse of his beloved.29. He who suffers from an excess of passion is not suited to love.30. The true lover is continuously obsessed with the image of his beloved.31. Nothing prevents a woman from being loved by two men, or a manfrom being loved by two women.


Ovid’s Ars Amoratia

Who in this town knows not the lover’s art (Cont’d)
Should read this book, and play an expert’s part. Don’t miss the ring where animals race
It’s art that speeds the boat with oars and sails, you’ll find much vantage in that crowded place
Art drives the chariot, art in love prevails. Not here by sign of hand or nod of head
For young Love’s guide has Venus chosen men, need hints be dropped or messages be sped.
Love’s pilot and Love’s charioteer I’ll be. Sit next to your mistress none can say “no”
Though he be wild and apt to flout my rule, press side to side as close as you may
He’s but a boy, an easy age to school. Thanks to the custom of the crowded bench
The worse he stabs, the fiercer burns his flame shy though she is, you’re bound to squeeze her.
So much the fitter I to avenge the maim.
I’ll not pretend to powers by Phoebus given, New love will the Circus bring
Nor warnings uttered by the fowls of heaven. And the sad gladiator’s sandy ring.
Experience prompts my labors. Heed the sage: Love often in an arena fights a bout
With truths oh Venus! Help me fill my page. Look too for openings at the festive board,
For wine is not the diner’s sole reward.
To find an object worthy of his suit wine lights the fire of passion in the soul,
Is the first duty of our new recruit: cares melt and vanish in the brimming bowl.
The next to gain the chosen damsel’s ‘yes’, then laughter comes and frowns and cares
The last to keep her love for many a day. And sorrows take to flight. But beware:
Night hides each fault, each blemish forgot
While you are free with slackened rein to rove the hour can make a beauty of a dog
Choose one whom you can call your only love. To daylight pearls and purple gowns refer
Think not she’ll drop before you from the skies: of face a body let the day be judge.
To find a fitting mistress, use your eyes.
The hunter learns where stags are to be snared,
And in what glens the tusky boar is laired;
So you who’re on a lasting love intent
Must learn the spots that damsels most frequent.
Thick as the stars the fair abound in Rome;
In her son’s city Venus makes her home.
If it’s the first still budding years you prize,
A genuine maid is there to greet your eyes.
If mellow age attracts and riper mind,
Here too, be sure, a goodly throng you’ll find.

Presenter 3 Text:

First tell yourself all women can be won: (cont’d)
Just spread your nets; the thing’s as good as done. Nor let your hair with curling tongs be curled
Scrape acquaintance with your lover’s maid: nor make your limbs soft with pumice stone
Your path will be the smoother for her aid. Leave such to the women
See that her mistress’ confidence she shares man’s beauty needs no varnish.
And holds the secret of her love affairs. Limb’s clean and tanned by exercise delight,
Her with prayers and promises secure; and spotless clothes that match the figure right.
With her good will you triumph. Have expert hands trim hair and beard
Then try your lover when her rival’s roused her anger: keep nostrils free from lurking bristles
Make it your duty to avenge the slight. Nor by foul breath from unclean lips exhaled.
Bid her maid speak of you and plead your case.
Should one seduce the maid as well? Tears are helpful too, tears will melt a stone
The graves risks in such adventures dwell. Wet cheeks at all costs must be shown.
One’s keen, one slacker having shared your sleep, if tears should fail you, touch your eyes
One takes you for your mistress, one to keep. With a moistened hand, perhaps she’ll first
The issue’s doubtful: even though chance befriend resist and call you rude, yet while resisting longs
The plan’s not one that I would recommend. To be subdued. But careful, lest her tender lips
My lady’s birthday most of all beware, be scarred and she cry “you kiss to hard.”
Ban any day when giving’s in the air.
Dodge as you will, she’ll rob you: woman’s brain diverse are women’s hearts
Discovers ways to steal. A thousand minds demand a thousand arts.
Be warned and to Rhetoric pay heed. Nor think one method for all ages fit:
Just as the courts, the senate and the crowd who shocks a prude makes a poor wretch
So woman’s heart by eloquence is bowed. Distrust herself at once; and thus, while
Use language plain and speech of common folk from a gentleman she shrinks, into some
If it’s rejected at first and returned unread lowly embrace she vilely sinks.
Expect she’ll read it soon and go ahead.

Presenter 4 Text (The Cures of Love):

When Cupid read the title of this volume, (cont’d)
‘It’s war on me’ he cried. Her figure’s slender? Call her lank and lean.
Please Cupid don’t hold me, your poet, guilty And call her pert if she’s not naïve.
Who at your side so long your flag bore. And if she’s well behaved, naïve you mean.
Others may cool, but I’m in love forever, coax her to demonstrate her lack of talent:
Besides I’ve taught the art to win you. if she has no voice, insist upon her singing
Sweet boy, I’ve not betrayed you and make her dance if she can’t move her arms.
Good luck to any lover who likes loving. Her accent’s bad? Keep her in conversations
But if some minx has got him in her clutches, her teeth are bad? Say what will make her laugh.
Safety in this book he’ll find. It will help to pay a sudden visit at morning
Why should a lover knot a noose and dangle before she’s put on her disguise
Or plunge a sword in his breast? Dress sweeps us off our feet: in gold and jewels
Let him who’ll die of love unless he ends it all is hidden: the girl herself is the smallest part.
End it, then Love shall be the death of none. Among so much you wonder what you’re loving
You’re a boy, you’re only fit for playing when you see her face and the ointments
A kindly reign best suits your years: play on. and colors and greases it will turn your stomach

You who find it hard to unlearn your loving avoid lonely places lovers. Lonely places
Who can’t and wish you could, must call me. are harmful; in a crowd you’re more secure.
Keep thinking what your wicked girl’s been doing; you have no need of privacy, if you’re alone
Before your eyes set every loss you’ve had: you’ll mope. Your girl abandoned before
“There’s this and that and still she wants more your eyes will loom. Also, the night is sadder
I’ve had to sell my house, it got so bad. Than the hours of sunshine, with no companions
She dotes on others, finds my love offensive to relieve your gloom. So keep your doors open
And gives a salesman nights I get no more.” Nor in the dark to conceal yourself.
Let all those things embitter your whole being don’t ask what she’s doing, stop moaning!
Brood over them, seek seeds of hatred here. From silence she’ll just fade away.
Make comments about her attractions: but it’s a crime to hate your ex-girlfriend
“those legs, how ugly; those arms are not pretty that bad way out is for brutes.
how short she is! How demanding!” let your indifference is enough: who ends love hating
comments fall on the wrong side. is still in love and can’t easily let go of sorrow.

Thursday, October 16, 2008

Courtly Love

1. In my opinion Ovid presents a guidelines to find a "perfect" love. He gives us a list of what people should do and how to behave in certain situations, chasing their true love. Personally, I like the idea with hunter and how he knows where to set up a trap for the game. I found bunch of articles with clues where to find a blind date. For example, http://www.inlander.com/bestof2002/277238642616056.php says that the best place to meet a blind date is Starbucks. Is it true. I don’t know, I’m not a coffee drinker. In addition Ovid wants to tell us that people who are looking for love must omit lonely places. He says that they’re harmful.
2. Tiresias had to be chosen the one (by punishment) to experience sense of love from both sides: men and women. I think that both sexes look at love from different perspectives. For example, my wife states that women are more emotionally toward love. It may be truth. Tiresias being both saxes have a comparison how men and women enjoy sex. He wasn’t afraid to conclude in front of Zeus and Hera, that women have more enjoyable sex emotion than men. When Tiresias got blinded by Hera he might experience sex even more deeply because his other senses were stimulate more.
3. Love can be an inborn suffering only if it is not reciprocated. When two people are in love there are "caught in chains" of love but they have a choice. They can choose to be in this relationship and they are not forced by " being caught with the hook". Fish can always escape. Every human can fall in love whether they are 10 or 100 years old but the feeling matures in us as we get older and we experience and learn more. Men are visual beings but what they see isn’t always what they get., it takes more to fall in love. That’s why it’s possible to blind man to fall in love. A true love is blind and it lasts forever. It never dies no matter how old we get.

Courtly Love

1) “First tell yourself all women can be won.” “Choose one whom you can call your only love.” Ovid’s description of love is just like a set of rules that every man has to apply in order to reach the heart of a woman. He describes a series of steps that a man has to follow if he wants to be a successful lover. On the other hand, modern love’s advisors like online Men’s Health Magazine and Relationship sites have developed new techniques more according with the necessities and circumstances of our time. For example, in Searchwarp.com we find a series of rules of how to get the girl that one like. Among those rules or principles are “Be yourself,” “Be nice,” “Be a friend,” “Clean up your act,” etc. But if a person is suffering of heartache, Ovid recommends “Avoid lonely places.” “Keep your doors open,” and “Indifference.” Modern love’s advisors like Men’s Health Magazine describe heartache as a serious problem that goes from “depression and loss of working efficiency to crime and suicide.” Among the recommendations are to give a “psychological approach” as well as some steps to follow like “remember your dignity,” Think that you get back your freedom,” “A prayer or advice from a priest would certainly help,” etc.
2) According to the Roman poet Ovid, Tiresias knew the act of love from both genre perspectives because he spent part of his life as a woman and part of his life as a man. Tiresias was a victim of an argument between Zeus and his wife Hera on the theme of “who has more pleasure in sex.” When Tiresias said that “of ten parts a man enjoys one only,” Hera turned him blind because his opinion was against Hera point of view. As a consolation Zeus gave him the gift of foresight. I agree with Tiresias that women enjoy sex more that men. A men need just 10 minutes to be satisfied and then need 10 minutes to rest to do it again ( With the exception of teenagers of course). On the other hand women are multiple orgasms; they can just relax and liberate their passion. I think that the incident with Zeus and his wife taught Tiresias be more insightful and that is why he did not want to tell the truth in “Oedipus the King.”
3) Capellanus wrote that “Love is always growing or diminishing.” I agree with he because love is like a flame that needs fuel to keep burning. That combustible are small details like put attention, respect your partner, do not forget special dates, etc. If people do those things love will be burning forever. Also, I agree that “A new love expels an old one.” However, I believe that is not just a new love but also it needs some time because time will help to heal love’s hurts. “True jealousy always increases the effect of love.” I agree with him because if people experiment true jealousy, that mean that people really love that person and as a result love will grow. “He who suffers from an excess of passion is not suited to love.” I agree because in order to keep a stable relationship a couple needs to find a balance between love and passion. On the other hand, I totally disagree with Capellanus when he mentions that after certain age men and women cannot love. I believe that love is available at any age and when I say love I also include passion because an old man or and old women can be very passionate at any age. He mentions that “blindness impedes love,” I disagree with that statement because even a blind man can have and experiment feelings. He cans use the other four senses to love and be loved.

LOVE

The description given in the text by Ovid that love can be viewed as a “hook”. Its purpose it to capture someone else’s emotions and eventually make them fall in love with you. Ovid’s description of love is clearly from a man’s point of view and tends to be selfish. Since he says that is a man who “chooses” the woman he wants and would try to make her fall in love with him. In the text, love is also described as blind; even the person with the most obscure personality will be seen as perfect by his or her lover. Ovid’s description of “how to cure” oneself from heartache is not to be alone and look and for company at all times. These guidelines of how to cure oneself from heartache are shared too on popular magazines such as CARAS (Faces; a Spanish magazine) and Men’s Health Magazine. In CARAS magazine they stated that after a breakup “time is your best friend” and to let “time do his work”. Meaning that after a breakup we shouldn’t feel anxious about trying to forget that person, time itself will make us heal and forget such tragic moments. Men’s Health Magazine gives the same advice in how to cure a heartache as Ovid did; only in a modern way: Maybe you think of yourself as the lone wolf, and that's cool, but a breakup buddy helps. Especially a hot breakup buddy. Enlist a female friend or three.
Tiresias punishment was to live as a woman for several years of his life. This punishment gave him the opportunity to experience love both ways, as a man and also a woman. He probably has a better understanding of what love is since he has experienced love as a girl and also a man. I think his determination that women enjoy sex more than men is due to his punishment, having the opportunity to be a woman and a man. Tiresias must know what he’s talking about.
In my opinion I think it’s silly to have rules for love. Love is such complex emotion that sometimes is stressful in trying to define it or describe it. I think love manifests different to everyone in this world. I do agree on the rule that states that exaggerated jealousy is very harmful to a relationship which causes stress, anxiety and love to diminish. My opinion on this topic is not very strong, because like I have said love is way too complicated to try to characterize it, it depends on the couple and how they work it out.

Courtly Love

Ovid described the love long time ago when society had different values and standards. People were getting married based on their royal title and position in society. For that reason, the first rule of love is “Marriage is no excuse for not loving”. The royal people had lovers all of the time, and the poems were written for them. However, the cause of marriage is love. Single people are going out every weekend trying to find love. I found lots of pieces in several magazines with tips on “How to find the love of your life” and “Where you can meet the right person”. The heartache healing process remains the same. “You have to forgive to forget, and forget, to feel again.” (http://ezinearticles.com/broken-heart-&id111254). “Remind yourself of the love you feel for each other, and show it. There’s no law against being sweet even if you’ve been married for some years. And if you’re having a hard time, clear your mind, and remember why in the first place you got married.”(http://www.loveletterbox.com/love_advice.htm)


Tiresias has lived both as a man and as a female prostitute. According to the myth he came upon two copulating snakes and killed the female. At the same moment he killed her, he turned into woman. In seven years on the same road he saw the same snakes. This time he killed male and then he turned into a man. Since he had a great sexual experience of both, male and female, he was judging the disagreement between Hera and Zeus. Hera said men enjoy sex more, while Zeus declared the opposite. "Of ten parts a man enjoys one only."- Tiresias replied. Hera was so angry that she blinded Tiresias. Zeus could not help it, so he gave him the ability to see the future and extended his life for seven generations.
In the “Oedipus the King” he did not want to tell the truth in the beginning, because he knew that gods might punish him for that.

Looking at Capellanus’ text I want to say that it is impossible to make rules for love because we are all different and we all have our own experiences. Some relationships are very dramatic, but it makes it work, some relationships are very calm and stable. For example rules # 3, 21 and 22. There are different degrees of jealousy and it is hard to say whether it increases the effects of love or not. However, I believe that it’s normal to have a small amount of jealousy in relationships. I also believe in the quote “Love is always growing or diminishing”. Unfortunately it doesn’t always work this way and we see very often that people are getting divorced a couple of years after marriage.

love

1. I like Ovid’s description of love. He talks about how to enamor women and what tricks to use. “Use language plain and speech of common folk from a gentleman she shrinks, into same…..tears are helpful too, tears will melt a stone...” He also says that “all women can be won” which means that if men really want, he can get women’s love but he has to show that he cares. I think that both sides have to care because if only one part love and care, that person will always get hurt. He also mentioned that we should think about “ex” in a negative way: “those legs, how ugly; those arms are not pretty that bad way out is for brutes. How short she is! How demanding!” I would not say it is the best idea; therefore I disagree with his statement. How you can talk like that about person that you loved, you shared everything with her/him! I think the best way to forget about your former love is to destroy everything that reminds you of him/her and avoid that person. I did some research on Cosmopolitan.com and there are few articles that talk about this problem. Most of them say that the time is the best medicine for heartache. I agree with this statement and I believe it is one of the best things to do, just give it some time and do whatever makes you happy.

2. Tiresias is a blind seer who appears in many legends. He was he only person to have lived both as male and female. One day Hera argued with her husband Zeus about who has more pleasure in sex, women or men. According to her men enjoy sex more then women but her husband believed that women enjoy sex more. To solve this problem they called Tiresias, who has experience both. Tiresias, who has experience both stated that women enjoy sex more then men “of ten parts a men enjoys only one but a women enjoys the full ten parts in her heart”. This answer made Hera very upset and she blinded him. Zeus could not do anything to stop her but he recompensed him with long life and a power of a seer. I think Hera’s punishment was improper to the whole situation. Tiresias did not do anything wrong. He just told her the truth but she did not like that and could not accept it because it was Tiresias word against her. It was a good life lesson for Tiresias and in “Oedipus the King” he refused to tell the truth about Oedipus’ past. He just wanted the truth to come up naturally. As to my opinion who enjoy sex more women or men, I can only speak for the first part and say that “of ten parts a women enjoy the full ten parts”:))

3. Andreas Capellanus was the XII century author of “De Amore” (The art of Courtly Love). According to him “love is inborn suffering proceeding from the sight and immoderate thought upon the beauty of the other sex”. To me, love is something very difficult to describe. It is a number of feelings and experience that can be amazing or can really hurt people. I believe there is no person in the world that does not love somebody or something. Each person is different; therefore people show love in different ways. Some people give to the love person gifts and expect to get something in return and that is how they express their feelings. While other people are very romantic, they cannot live without love ones; therefore they spend with them entire time. For me, to show somebody that you have love is to show how much you really care. It is important not to be ashamed of the other and do not try to change the other person. Love him/her for who he/she is and accept him/her as he/she is!
Andreas Capellanus give us number of rules of love. I agree with some of them. For example, rule # 11 “It is not proper to love one whom one would be ashamed to marry”. In my opinion if a person is ashamed to marry somebody that he/she loves there is no love. That person lives in dissimulation and will never be happy and later or sooner both of them will get hurt. Rule # 5 “It is not good for one lover to take anything against the will of the other”. I believe that when two people love each other, they shall not do things that might hurt one of them. They have to build their relationship, do everything to be happy; they have to respect each other’s feelings and emotions. There are also some rules that I strongly disagree with. For instance, rule # 4 & 21 which talks about jealousy. I think jealous is the worst thing that can appear in relationship. When there is love there is no place for jealous. Jealous can ruin even the best relationship. These people who say that truly love, should trust the other person, they should spend time together and apart as well because every person needs time on his/her own. Therefore, I totally agree with Diana Kirschner, Ph.D who is a dating expert and said taht: “Jealousy is a form of negative self-talk which researches shows can cause anxiety and depression. We all know it can lead to painful heartbreak, scads of worry, out-of-control outbursts, and setbacks in relationship. It can even destroy love”.

Courtly Love

1) Ovid describes love as one of the most natural things that humans can endure. He states that it is a road of emotions with many ups and downs but thats how it was made to be. The most interesting part about Ovid's viewpiont on love is when he says "Think not she'll drop before you from the skies". This basically means that it is not likely that you will find love if you sit back and wait or try to let it come to you, it is out there and you have to go get it. Many magazines differ saying that love will come to those who are not in search of it. In a foxnews report on love researchers have defined the chemistry one feels when in love as "the effects of brain chemicals triggering differet reactions". This shows individual just how natural the physical attraction is. The way to get over love by Ovid is to get over the sorrow. Stop the moaning and crying try to be around fun, loving people or friends as much as possible so you dont have the time to think about your ex. He also says not to turn that previous love into hate because it is unhealthy and will haunt you. Compared to Cosmo tips of how to handle a break it is very similar. It suggest doing your favorite activities with family and friends. Keep positive energy and avoid sad love movies.

2) Tiresias is a decendent of Udaeus who as a young man was watching two snakes one male and one female engaging in sexual intercourse. Tiresias decided to wound the female snake. Disguisted by his actions the Gods turned Tiresias into a woman. After living several years as a woman he embarked on those same snakes and wounded the man this time. Tiresias was then turned into a man again. When Hera and Zeus disputed over who enjoyed sex more than asked Tiresias being that he experieced living as both a man and woman. Tiresias replied that if love was divided by 10 , 9 would go to women and 1 would go to men. Hera was extremely unsatisfied that he agreed with Zeus therefore she struck him blind. Zeus however gave him the power of insight, seeing things before they actually happen. In my opinion it seems as thoug woman and men enjoy sex equally. I dont think that woman enjoy sex 9 times as much as men but I do believe that most woman use their heart more than me when egaging in sexual intercourse.

3) Capellanus set of rules on love are way to precise. I dont believe that there are specific times or ways to deals with love. There are no time frames for dealing with the lose of a love one or an age at which you can fall in love. I don't think that an man has to be jealous to be love in love especially if he is confident and trustful of his partner. I believe that most of his rules were a tad bit extreme however, lovers do find theirselves agreeing to the most part of the rules without actually knowing it. In many cases one's actions is decided by what their lover will think or make out of it becasue you generally want to see your lover happy. Jealousy and suspicion are emotions that can possibly arise during a relationship but everyone does'nt interpret these feelings the same. I strongly believe that their are no rules to love unless your talking about an age difference or being in love with a child. Some of the rules listed are things that common people have experience or believe about their loved ones, it is not say that if you don't abide by those rules that you will not love.

Wednesday, October 15, 2008

courtly love

Ovid describes love as a form of art where men are trying to win over the heart of women. He explains that love is present when there are other emotions present alongside such as laughter and sorrow. All relationships go through a cycle of emotions but it is healthy. He goes on to telling us how to act around women and how your appearance should be. For example, Ovid says to "have expert hands trim hair and beard" which emphasizes the need for good hygiene. He also mentions to maintain clean lips along with fresh breath. Similarly, in Men's Health Magazine, there is an article that informs men how to shave properly to get a smooth gentle surface for the women. The article suggests that "if you wear fragrance, use an unscented shave cream. You don't want her nose sniffing a mixed message" http://www.menshealth.com/spotlight/skin/close_shave.html
Ovid's idea of 'cures' tells us to take advantage of your woman's unattractive attributes to make them feel comfortable about themselves. An example would be to tell her to sing a lot if her voice doesn't sound too pleasant but be sure to compliment her so that she feels more secure about herself. In an Article found on Askmen.com, it says that "compliments are key to marital success". http://www.askmen.com/dating/doclove_400/451_relationship_expert.html
This relates to Ovid's ideas as marriage is a relationship of built from love.

According to Greek mythology, Tiresias was a blind prophet of Thebes, who lived life with experience as both a male and female. He was transformed into a female for 7 years. The story of how he became a blind prophet is that Hera and Zeus had an argument of which gender has more pressure from having sex so they decided to ask Tiresias since he had experience from both ends of the spectrum. Tiresias replied that women have more pressure having sex. Hera was angered and blinded Tiresias but Zeus also gave him the power to tell prophecies. In Oedipus the King, we see that Tiresias is reluctant to tell Oedipus the truth because he knows the Gods are watching and may have dire consequences. His past experience made him think about what comes out from his mouth. Eventually, the truth came out and Jocasta ended up killing herself and Oedipus blinded himself.

Capellanus has a very precise set of rules for love which I don't entirely agree on. Some points are agreeable but some are just absurd. For example, I don't agree on the fact that there is certain age you have to be to have "true love". Although there are sexual limitations, it doesn't mean that feelings aren't there. Another point I disagree on is "love rarely lasts when it is revealed". Perfect example is a wedding. Weddings occur to reveal to everyone that a couple is in love and want to spend the rest of their life with each other. There are also valid points that Capellanus include such as "when a lover suddenly has sight of his beloved, his heart beats wildly". This often happens when you really like someone and it shows that you want to be with them. There are little to none pure emotions when one is searching for a relationship for the purpose of sexual desire.